Summary:
While Metro is a closed-loop card and BMTC is an open-loop card. An open-loop control system acts completely on the basis of input and the output has no effect on the control action. Whereas, a closed-loop control system considers the current output and alters it to the desired condition. “Our card is with Axis bank and is an open-loop system but the new card will be entirely different. The Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) is facing a crisis with shortage of ETMs..